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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganem | om küžgane |
| 2SG: | küžganet | ot küžgane |
| 3SG: | küžgana | ok/ogeš küžgane |
| 1PL: | küžganena | ona/ogə̑na küžgane |
| 2PL: | küžganeda | oda/ogə̑da küžgane |
| 3PL: | küžganat | ogə̑t küžgane |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganə̑šə̑m | šə̑m küžgane |
| 2SG: | küžganə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ küžgane |
| 3SG: | küžganə̑š | ə̑š küžgane |
| 1PL: | küžganə̑šna | ə̑šna küžgane |
| 2PL: | küžganə̑šda | ə̑šda küžgane |
| 3PL: | küžganə̑št | ə̑št küžgane |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganenam | küžganen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | küžganenat | küžganen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | küžganen | küžganen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | küžganenna | küžganen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | küžganenda | küžganen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | küžganenə̑t | küžganen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganem ə̑l'e | om küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | küžganet ə̑l'e | ot küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | küžgana ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | küžganena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | küžganeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | küžganat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t küžgane ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganem ulmaš | om küžgane ulmaš |
| 2SG: | küžganet ulmaš | ot küžgane ulmaš |
| 3SG: | küžgana ulmaš | ok/ogeš küžgane ulmaš |
| 1PL: | küžganena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na küžgane ulmaš |
| 2PL: | küžganeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da küžgane ulmaš |
| 3PL: | küžganat ulmaš | ogə̑t küžgane ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganenam ə̑l'e | küžganen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | küžganenat ə̑l'e | küžganen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | küžganen ə̑l'e | küžganen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | küžganenna ə̑l'e | küžganen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | küžganenda ə̑l'e | küžganen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | küžganen ə̑l'e | küžganen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganenam ulmaš | küžganen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | küžganenat ulmaš | küžganen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | küžganen ulmaš | küžganen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | küžganenna ulmaš | küžganen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | küžganenda ulmaš | küžganen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | küžganen ulmaš | küžganen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | küžgane | it küžgane |
| 3SG: | küžganə̑že | ə̑nže küžgane |
| 1PL: | (küžganena) | (ona/ogə̑na küžgane) |
| 2PL: | küžganə̑za | ida küžgane |
| 3PL: | küžganə̑št | ə̑nə̑št küžgane |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganə̑nem | ə̑nem küžgane |
| 2SG: | küžganə̑net | ə̑net küžgane |
| 3SG: | küžganə̑neže | ə̑než küžgane |
| 1PL: | küžganə̑nena | ə̑nena küžgane |
| 2PL: | küžganə̑neda | ə̑neda küžgane |
| 3PL: | küžganə̑nešt | ə̑nešt küžgane |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | küžganə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | küžganə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | küžganə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | küžganə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | küžganə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda küžgane ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | küžganə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt küžgane ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | küžganə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net küžgane ulmaš |
| 3SG: | küžganə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než küžgane ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | küžganə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda küžgane ulmaš |
| 3PL: | küžganə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt küžgane ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | küžganaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | küžganə̑man |
| Active participle: | küžganə̑še |
| Passive participle: | küžganə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | küžganə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | küžganə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | küžganen |
| Negative gerund: | küžganə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | küžganə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | küžganə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | küžganə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | küžganə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | küžganə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||